Dark matter is a type of matter that neither emits, absorbs, nor reflects light, making it invisible. It is detectable only through its gravitational effects. Although we cannot observe it directly, its existence is inferred from the gravitational influence it exerts on visible matter in the universe.

Evidence of Dark Matter

The first indications of dark matter emerged when scientists studied the rotation speeds of galaxies. According to physics laws, stars on the edges of a spiral galaxy should move slower than those near the center. However, observations reveal that stars in the outer regions move at similar speeds to those at the core. This suggests the presence of an invisible mass providing the gravity needed to keep these stars in orbit.

Importance in the Formation and Structure of the Universe

Dark matter plays a crucial role in the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. Scientists believe it acts as an invisible framework where visible matter clusters, facilitating the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters. Without the gravitational influence of dark matter, the structures we observe today might not have formed within the time since the Big Bang.

Current Research and Challenges

Despite its significance, the exact nature of dark matter remains one of the greatest mysteries in modern physics. Numerous experiments are underway to detect dark matter particles, including Earth-based detectors and space observatories. However, to this day, none of these particles have been directly observed.