The Trump administration has embarked on a sweeping overhaul of the U.S. immigration system. One of its earliest moves was the removal of key officials from the Executive Office for Immigration Review, confirmed by the Department of Justice. Those dismissed include Sheila McNulty, who served as Chief Immigration Judge; Mary Cheng, the system’s director; Lauren Alder Reid, head of public policy; and Jill Anderson, general counsel. These individuals, recognized for their extensive experience, had played vital roles in the immigration judicial system, established in 1983 and overseen by the Executive Branch.

Trump Redefines Leadership in Immigration Courts

To replace McNulty, President Trump appointed Sirce Owen as interim director. Owen, previously the chief legal advisor for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) during Trump’s first term, now takes on a pivotal role in reshaping the system. McNulty, who led the immigration appellate circuit during the Biden administration, was considered a central figure in immigration law.

The immigration court system plays a crucial role in deciding whether immigrants who violate immigration laws can remain in the country or must be deported. Currently, the group of 735 judges primarily issues rulings in favor of deportation, although many cases, including asylum applications, often take years to be resolved. Judges also oversee “credible fear” interviews, where asylum seekers must prove to authorities that they face risks of persecution or torture if returned to their home countries.

Simultaneously, Trump has intensified measures along the southern border. Among the most notable executive orders is the suspension of asylum procedures, though the decree mentions a potential reinstatement in the future. However, this seems unlikely given additional actions such as partial border closures with Mexico, the deployment of troops at strategic points, and restrictions targeting nationals from certain countries deemed part of an “invasion” by the administration.

Experts see these developments as a clear indication of Trump’s intent to swiftly reform the immigration judicial framework and tighten overall immigration policies. The strategy appears aimed at significantly reducing the flow of immigrants through structural changes and stricter border enforcement.